A) Underlying Causes:.
Angina usually
is a symptom of coronary
heart disease (CHD). This
means that the underlying causes of angina generally are the same as the
underlying causes of CHD.
Research
suggests that CHD starts when certain factors damage the inner layers of the
coronary arteries.
* These factors
include:
Plaque narrows
or blocks the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. Some plaque is
hard and stable and causes the arteries to become narrow and stiff. This can
greatly reduce blood flow to the heart and cause angina.
Other plaque is
soft and more likely to rupture (break open) and cause blood clots. Blood clots
can partially or totally block the coronary arteries and cause angina or a heart
attack.
B) Immediate Causes:.
Many factors
can trigger angina pain, depending on the type of angina you have.
I- Stable Angina
1-
Physical exertion is the most common trigger of
stable angina. Severely narrowed arteries may allow enough blood to reach the
heart when the demand for oxygen is low, such as when you're sitting.
2-
Emotional stress
3-
Exposure to very hot or cold temperatures
4-
Heavy meals
5-
Smoking
II- Unstable Angina
Blood clots
that partially or totally block an artery cause unstable angina.
III-Variant Angina
A spasm in a
coronary artery causes variant angina. The spasm causes the walls of the artery
to tighten and narrow. Blood flow to the heart slows or stops. Variant angina
can occur in people who have CHD and in those who don’t.
The coronary
arteries can spasm as a result of:
1-
Exposure to cold
2-
Emotional stress
3-
Smoking
4-
Cocaine use
IV- Microvascular Angina
Reduced blood
flow in the small coronary arteries may cause microvascular angina. Plaque in
the arteries, artery spasms, or damaged or diseased artery walls can reduce
blood flow through the small coronary arteries.
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