1. Filtration
Definition: is a process of separating a solid from a fluid
by mean of porous medium that retains the solid but allows the fluid to pass.
Factors affecting
on filtration rate(F.R):
1. Filter area: ↑area↑filtration rate (F.R)
3. Viscosity: viscosity
mean
F.R is inversely proportional to viscosity of the fluid.
4. Permeability
coefficient: is a function of porosity
Factors affecting
on filtration operation:
1. Properties of
liquid
a. Viscosity
b. Density
c. Corrosiveness
2. Properties of solid
a. Particle shape
b. Particle size
c. Particle
distribution
Types of filter
medium
1. Metallic
filter 2. Nylon
3. Bounded
fibrous 4. Filter paper
Filter aid: are materials added to filter medium to
make cake
more rigid, high porous & high permeability
Properties of
Filter aid: should be light,
porous, inert & irregular in shape e.g. Silicon oxide.
Filter cake: a accumulation of solid on filter.
Filtering
Equipment
1. Filter press
Advantage: 1. Simple
2. Occupies small
floor space
3. Leakage can be detected
4. High pressure can be employed
Disadvantage: 1. Time is consumed
2. Filter cloth tend to
wear off more rapidly
2. Centrifugal: this type of filtration is used to separate crystal and granules product
from other liquid.
3. Sedimentation: The separations depend on the difference in the densities.
Uses: 1. for liquid-liquid separation
2. for
solid-solid separation
3.
Separation plasma from whole blood
4.
Manufacture of insulin
Equipment
1.
Perforated basket centrifuge:
Consist
of Perforated metal basket mounted on vertical axis for separation
coarse solid.
Advantage: 1. Final product is low moisture
2. The process is
rapid
Disadvantage: 1. Expensive
2. Complex
2.
Tubular centrifuge:
•Used
to separation two immiscible liquid & solid liquid separations.
• Suspension feed from at the rotating base and
clear liquid inlet from a weir at the top
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