1. Parental preparation.
2. Ophthalmic
preparation.
I) Parental preparation:
are
aqueous or non aqueous, sterile and pyrogen free preparations administrated by
injection into the body tissues.
Advantage:
1. It is provide rapid
response (emergency)
2. It is suitable for drug
that are:
a. Destroyed by GIT
secretions e.g. insulin.
b. Poorly absorbed by GIT.
c.
Irritation of GIT.
d. Prolong drug action.
Disadvantage:
1. Pain or damage at a site
of injection.
2. All products must be sterile.
3. It is expensive.
4. Administration by wrong
route may be fetal.
5. It needs experience
personal.
Route
of administration:………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Type
of parental preparation:
·
Solution
·
Emulsion
·
suspension
Formulation
of parental drugs involves of all the following factors:
1. The route of administration.
2. The volume of the
injection.
3. The vehicle.
4. The osmotic pressure of
solution
5. The preservative.
6. The pH of solution.
7. The stability & method
of sterilization.
8. The specific gravity.
9. Type of containers or closures.
Additive:
these are the substance which
are added to the parental formulation for maintain the solubility, stability,
sterility, isotonicity and to facilitate the administration.
General
procedure in parental preparation:
1. The lab should be free
from dust or microorganism.
2. UV lamp to destroy the
M.O.
3. Used anti microbial agent to clean &
disinfectant the lab wall.
4. Personal should wear sterilized
cloth.
5. Borosilicate glass used for packaging because:
a. Compatible.
b. Thermo stable.
c. Non reactive.
6. Rubber closure (mixture of
natural & synthetic rubber) e.g. neoprene.
Sterilization
the parental preparation by:
· Dry heat sterilization.
· Moist heat sterilization.
· Filtration.
Quality control of
parental preparation:
1. Sterility test.
2. Pyrogen test.
3. Clarity test.
4. Leaker test.
5. Safety test.
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